Is R still free?
R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
What is R used for?
R is a programming language and environment commonly used in statistical computing, data analytics and scientific research. It is one of the most popular languages used by statisticians, data analysts, researchers and marketers to retrieve, clean, analyze, visualize and present data.
What is full form of r language?
R (programming language)ParadigmsMulti-paradigm: procedural, object-oriented, functional, reflective, imperative, arrayDesigned byRoss Ihaka and Robert GentlemanDeveloperR Core TeamFirst appearedAugust 1993Influenced by14 more rows
Who developed the r language?
R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team, of which Chambers is a member. R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S. R is a GNU project.
Why is R better than Python?
While both Python and R can accomplish many of the same data tasks, they each have their own unique strengths....Strengths and weaknesses.Python is better for...R is better for...Handling massive amounts of dataCreating graphics and data visualizationsBuilding deep learning modelsBuilding statistical models1 more row•Jun 3, 2022
Is R similar to Python?
Python and R are the preferred languages in Data Science, Data Analysis, Machine Learning, etc. Although they are used for similar purposes they differ from each other. R mainly focuses on the statistical part of a project while Python is flexible in its usage and data analysis tasks.
Is it hard to learn R?
Is R Hard to Learn? R is known for being hard to learn. This is in large part because R is so different to many programming languages. The syntax of R, unlike languages like Python, is very difficult to read.
Does Google use R?
R is the main Statistics language at Google, according to Karl Millar. Here are some of the specific applications of R at Google mentioned in the post: Large-scale parallel statistical forecasting in R is used to improve the effectiveness of online display advertising for Google's customers.
Is RStudio coding?
RStudio is an integrated development environment for R, a programming language for statistical computing and graphics.
Why R is called R?
The "R" name is derived from the first letter of the names of its two developers, Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, who were associated with the University of Auckland at the time.
Is R used in industry?
R is one of the standard tools that is being used in e-commerce. Since these internet-based companies have to deal with various forms of data, structured and unstructured, as well as from varying data sources like spreadsheets and databases (SQL & NoSQL), R proves to be an effective choice for these industries.
How does RStudio make money?
When customers get more serious about R, or they are deploying R in a larger environment, they tend to buy our professional products. So that's the main way we make money, those professional server products. We also have a cloud business where we provide versions of our products over the web.
What does the letter R mean in English?
The letter ⟨r⟩ is used to form the ending "-re", which is used in certain words such as centre in some varieties of English spelling, such as British English. Canadian English also uses the "-re" ending, unlike American English, where the ending is usually replaced by "-er" ( center ).
When was the letter R written?
The descending stroke of the Latin letter R has fully developed by the 3rd century BC, as seen in the Tomb of the Scipios sarcophagus inscriptions of that era. From around 50 AD, the letter P would be written with its loop fully closed, assuming the shape formerly taken by R .
What is a trilled R?
A good example of a trilled R is in the Spanish word for dog, perro. In William Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet, such a reference is made by Juliet's nurse in Act 2, scene 4, when she calls the letter R "the dog's name". The reference is also found in Ben Jonson 's English Grammar.
What is the minuscule form?
The minuscule (lowercase) form ( r) developed through several variations on the capital form. Along with Latin minuscule writing in general, it developed ultimately from Roman cursive via the uncial script of Late Antiquity into the Carolingian minuscule of the 9th century.
What is R in computer science?
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.
What is R in computer?
R is an interpreted language; users typically access it through a command-line interpreter. If a user types 2+2 at the R command prompt and presses enter, the computer replies with 4, as shown below:
What is R journal?
The R Journal is the open access, refereed journal of the R project for statistical computing. It features short to medium length articles on the use and development of R, including packages, programming tips, CRAN news, and foundation news.
What is the main implementation of R?
The main R implementation is written in R, C, and Fortran, and there are several other implementations aimed at improving speed or increasing extensibility. A closely related implementation is pqR (pretty quick R) by Radford M. Neal with improved memory management and support for automatic multithreading. Renjin and FastR are Java implementations of R for use in a Java Virtual Machine. CXXR, rho, and Riposte are implementations of R in C++. Renjin, Riposte, and pqR attempt to improve performance by using multiple processor cores and some form of deferred evaluation. Most of these alternative implementations are experimental and incomplete, with relatively few users, compared to the main implementation maintained by the R Development Core Team.
What are the capabilities of R?
The capabilities of R are extended through user-created packages, which allow specialised statistical techniques, graphical devices, import/export capabilities, reporting tools ( RMarkdown, knitr, Sweave ), etc. The large number of packages available for R, and the ease of installing and using them, has been cited as a major factor in driving the widespread adoption of the language in data science. The R packaging system is also used by researchers to create compendia to organise research data, code and report files in a systematic way for sharing and public archiving.
What is a scalar in R?
Instead, a scalar is represented as a vector with length one. Many features of R derive from Scheme. R uses S-expressions to represent both data and code. Functions are first-class and can be manipulated in the same way as data objects, facilitating meta-programming, and allow multiple dispatch.
What is R used for?
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.
Who created R?
R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems like Linux, Windows and Mac.
What is R software?
R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, ...
What does R mean in movies?
R 1. A trademark for a movie rating indicating that admission will be granted only to persons of or over a certain age, usually 17, unless accompanied by a parent or guardian.
What is the intrinsic rate of increase of a population?
the intrinsic rate of increase of a population, equivalent to the difference between the birth and death rates divided by the number of individuals in the population. Also called Malthusian parameter.
Examples in Each Chapter
With our "Try it Yourself" editor, you can edit R code and view the result.
R Examples
Learn by examples! This tutorial supplements all explanations with clarifying examples.
R Quiz
Learn by taking a quiz! This quiz will give you a signal of how much you know about R.
What is the R Foundation?
The R Foundation. The R Foundation is a not for profit organization working in the public interest. It has been founded by the members of the R Development Core Team in order to. Provide support for the R project and other innovations in statistical computing.
Is R a GNU project?
R is an official part of the Free Software Foundation ’s GNU project, and the R Foundation has similar goals to other open source software foundations like the Apache Foundation or the GNOME Foundation.
What is an operator in R?
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. R language is rich in built-in operators and provides following types of operators.
What is the operator for combining elements of the first vector?
It is called Element-wise Logical AND operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if both the elements are TRUE. It is called Element-wise Logical OR operator.
Overview
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is ar , plural ars, or in Ireland or /ˈɔːr/.
The letter ⟨r⟩ is the eighth most common letter in English and the fourth-most common consonant (after ⟨t⟩, ⟨n⟩, and ⟨s⟩).
The letter ⟨r⟩ is used to form the ending "-re", which is used in certain words such as centre in so…
Name
The name of the letter in Latin was er (/ɛr/), following the pattern of other letters representing continuants, such as F, L, M, N and S. This name is preserved in French and many other languages. In Middle English, the name of the letter changed from /ɛr/ to /ar/, following a pattern exhibited in many other words such as farm (compare French ferme) and star (compare German Stern).
In Hiberno-English the letter is called /ɒr/ or /ɔːr/, somewhat similar to oar, ore, orr.
History
The original Semitic letter may have been inspired by an Egyptian hieroglyph for tp, "head". It was used for /r/ by Semites because in their language, the word for "head" was rêš (also the name of the letter). It developed into Greek 'Ρ' ῥῶ (rhô) and Latin R.
The descending diagonal stroke develops as a graphic variant in some Wester…
Pronunciation and use
⟨r⟩ represents a rhotic consonant in many languages, as shown in the table below.
Other languages may use the letter ⟨r⟩ in their alphabets (or Latin transliterations schemes) to represent rhotic consonants different from the alveolar trill. In Haitian Creole, it represents a sound so weak that it is often written interchangeably with ⟨w⟩, e.g. 'Kweyol' for 'Kreyol'.
Brazilian Portuguese has a great number of allophones of /ʁ/ such as [χ], [h], [ɦ], [x], [ɣ], [ɹ] and [r]…
Related characters
• R with diacritics: Ŕ ŕ Ɍ ɍ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṙ ṙ Ȑ ȑ Ȓ ȓ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ Ṟ ṟ Ꞧ ꞧ Ɽ ɽ R̃ r̃ ᵲ ꭨ ᵳ ᶉ
• International Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to R: ɹ ɺ ɾ ɻ ɽ ʀ ʁ ʶ ˞ ʴ
• Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet: ɼ ɿ
See also
• Guttural R
External links
• Media related to R at Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition of R at Wiktionary
• The dictionary definition of r at Wiktionary
Overview
R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software. Users have created packages to augment the functions of the R lang…
History
R is an open-source implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics from Scheme, which allow objects to be defined in predetermined blocks rather than the entirety of the code. S was created by Rick Becker, John Chambers, Doug Dunn, Jean McRae, and Judy Schilling at Bell Labs around 1976. Designed for statistical analysis, the language is an interpreted language whose code could be directly run without a compiler. Many programs writte…
Features
R's data structures include vectors, arrays, lists, and data frames. Vectors are ordered collections of values and can be mapped to arrays of one or more dimensions in a column major order. That is, given an ordered collection of dimensions, one fills in values along the first dimension first, then fill in one-dimensional arrays across the second dimension, and so on. R supports array arithmetics and in this regard is like languages such as APL and MATLAB. The special case of a…
Packages
R's capabilities are extended through user-created packages, which offer statistical techniques, graphical devices, import/export, reporting (RMarkdown, knitr, Sweave), etc. These packages and their easy installation and use has been cited as driving the language's widespread adoption in data science. The packaging system is also used by researchers to organize research data, code and report files in a systematic way for sharing and archiving.
Interfaces
Various applications can be used to edit or run R code.
Early developers preferred to run R via the command line console, succeeded by those who prefer an IDE. IDEs for R include (in alphabetical order) Rattle GUI, R Commander, RKWard, RStudio, and Tinn-R. R is also supported in multi-purpose IDEs such as Eclipse via the StatET plugin, and Visual Studio via the R Tools for Visual Studio. Of these, RStudio is the most commonly used.
Implementations
The main R implementation is written in R, C, and Fortran. Several other implementations aimed at improving speed or increasing extensibility. A closely related implementation is pqR (pretty quick R) by Radford M. Neal with improved memory management and support for automatic multithreading. Renjin and FastR are Java implementations of R for use in a Java Virtual Machine. CXXR, rho, and Riposte are implementations of R in C++. Renjin, Riposte, and pqR attempt to impr…
Communities
R has local communities worldwide for users to network, share ideas, and learn.
A growing number of R events bring users together, such as conferences (e.g. useR!, WhyR?, conectaR, SatRdays), meetups, as well as R-Ladies groups that promote gender diversity. The R Foundation taskforce focuses on women and other under-represented groups.
useR! conferences
The official annual gathering of R users is called "useR!". The first such event was useR! 2004 in May 2004, Vienna, Austria. After skipping 2005, the useR! conference has been held annually, usually alternating between locations in Europe and North America. History:
• useR! 2006, Vienna, Austria
• useR! 2007, Ames, Iowa, US